Security information and event management (SIEM).Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS).If such messages are still being sent via 2048-bit RSA encryption, or something similar, then these organizations should start worrying-quickly. The messages they send today-between embassies or the military, for example-may well be significant in 20 years and so worth keeping secret.

If these transactions are recorded today and broken in 25 years, little will be lost.Д«ut for governments, there is more at stake. Most people use 2048-bit encryption, or something similar, for tasks like sending credit card details over the internet. But these codes are not yet used as standard.ДЇor ordinary people, there is little risk. So it is already possible to safeguard data today against future attack by quantum computers. Indeed, security experts have developed post-quantum codes that even a quantum computer will not be able to crack. If they think it is, then they need a new form of encryption. But the question these experts should be asking themselves is whether such a device could be possible within the 25 years they want to secure the information. A 20-million-qubit quantum computer certainly seems a distant dream today. ThatвЂ™s interesting work that should have important implications for anyone storing information for the future. But Gidney and EkerГҐ have found various ways to optimize it, significantly reducing the resources needed to run the algorithm. This process is the most computationally expensive operation in ShorвЂ™s algorithm. This is the process of finding the remainder when a number is raised to a certain power and then divided by another number. Their method focuses on a more efficient way to perform a mathematical process called modular exponentiation. вЂњ, the worst case estimate of how many qubits will be needed to factor 2048 bit RSA integers has dropped nearly two orders of magnitude,вЂќ they say. Indeed, they show that such a device would take just eight hours to complete the calculation. Now Gidney and EkerГҐ have shown how a quantum computer could do the calculation with just 20 million qubits. On that basis, security experts might well have been able to justify the idea that it would be decades before messages with 2048-bit RSA encryption could be broken by a quantum computer. ThatвЂ™s significantly more than the 70 qubits in todayвЂ™s state-of-the-art quantum computers.

In 2015, researchers estimated that a quantum computer would need a billion qubits to do the job reliably. Taking this into account dramatically increases the resources required to factor 2048-bit numbers. Indeed, computer scientists consider it practically impossible for a classical computer to factor numbers that are longer than 2048 bits, which is the basis of the most commonly used form of RSA encryption. But it is hard to start with the number 491,597 and work out which two prime numbers must be multiplied to produce it.ДЄnd it becomes increasingly difficult as the numbers get larger. For example, it is trivial to multiply two numbers together: 593 times 829 is 491,597. Trapdoor functions are based on the process of multiplication, which is easy to perform in one direction but much harder to do in reverse. ShorвЂ™s algorithm factors large numbers and is the crucial element in the process for cracking trapdoor-based codes. Back in 1994, the American mathematician Peter Shor discovered a quantum algorithm that outperformed its classical equivalent. The result will make uncomfortable reading for governments, military and security organizations, banks, and anyone else who needs to secure data for 25 years or longer.ДЇirst some background. Consequently, these machines are significantly closer to reality than anyone suspected.

2048 hacked